The part of a network infrastructure that carries data gathered from smaller lines, like LANs or subnetworks.
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
backbone (noun)1.
 - spinal column spine
2.
 something that resembles a backbone  as
a)   a chief mountain ridge, range, or system
b)   the foundation or most substantial or sturdiest part of something
c)   the longest chain of atoms or groups of atoms in a usually long molecule (as a polymer or protein) 
d)   the primary high-speed hardware and transmission lines of a telecommunications network (as the Internet)
3.
 firm and resolute character
4.
 - spine 
Backbone (Wikipedia)
| Look up backbone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. | 
The backbone is the vertebral column of a vertebrate.
